Inclinometer



March 22, 1938. Z 'N HAK 2,111,673'

INCL INOMETER Filed March 29, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet l Inventor Q John fifgjw I A ttorneys March 22, 1938; J. MOZONCHAK INGLINOMETER Filed March 29, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet 2- J/an Mgonckak By @zm 40% Aiiorneys Patented Mar. 22, 1938 UNITED STATES PAT-Eur OFFlCEi 2,111,013 mcr'momsmv 2 John Mozonchak, Olyphsnt, Pa. Application-March 29, 1932, Serial 1m. isacas I i ,1 Claim. (c'l. 33-215) no position todepend upon a sense" of balance in' ascertaining whether the ship is ascending,

descending, or banking into a turn. I have there- 5 fore discovered the need for the provision of whatmay be conveniently called a double-acting uni-' tary instrument at all times available to enable the aviator to detect ata glance directional movemerits of the plane. Stated otherwise, the device herein shown and particularly described affords reliable means enabling. the pilot to quickly-detectwhen the plane -is climbing, diving, or either wing of the plane is inclined below a predetermined horizontal line causing him to unwittingly and unknowingly throw the ship of! of. its course. This I do throughvthe instrumentality of a simple and economical v duplexinstrument having properly located and coordinated mechanically actuated visible indi- 0 caters.

, Needless to say, I am sufllcientl'y conversant with the prior state of the art to which the invention relates to appreciate that a so-called inclinometer' ing mechanical elements'orv parts throughout the views: I v

Figure 1 is airont elevation of an instrument 0 board provided with. dial-type instrument constructed in accordance with the specific provisions of this invention. a

Figure 2 is what may be called acentral vertical sectional view through-the deviceremoved from the instrument board.

Figure 3, is a-section on the line 1-: or Fig 'ureii.

Figure 4*is a detail view of one of the plate members of the mechanism accommodation 9,;

.mounting frame.

Figure 51s a perspective detail view of one of the counterweighted shafts or axles. I Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 are diagrammatic,

views illustrating the principle, of operation to enable one to better appreciate-the features and '19 advantages oi the invention.

As a matter of convenience, I direct attention first to the general assembly illustrated to ad- 'vantage'in Figure 2 Here the mechanism accommodation frame is denoted generally by the 15 numeral l2. It comprises a pair of spaced par- .allel substantially duplicate plates l3 and M bolted together, as indicated at 15, by suitable spacing and assembling means. Although the two plates I 3 and Il are of open work design, the preferred embodiment of the invention plans the use of plates having aligned V-shaped notches II and I1 therein, as illustrated. The plate I4 is attached to what may be called an adapter! 8' to facilitate attachment to the instrument board, as disclosed in Figure 1. The adapter is connected with a circular dial Is, The dial as depicted in Figure 1, has a marginal scaTle arrangement: There is a scale 20 on one side and a similar scale 2! on the otherside, these two, scales being suitably graduatedand marked with legible numerals.

Between the twosegmental scales 20 and 2| the dial is provided with a slot 22 whose marginal edges are formed with graduations 23. At thv transverse center or the graduations 23 "are the markings which may be, called the median characters, as indicated by the numeral 24 in Figure 6. Above and below the median lines 24 are dis-, tinguishahle scales properly graduated and diffefentiated by. the numerals 25 and 26, respec-" tively. The upper scale 25 is used to indicate climbing, and the,lower scale 26 to indicate diving. 0r stated otherwise, these two scales serve to facilitate determination of ascending and descending inclination. I v

The characters A and B designate distinguish-- ableindicating devices concurrently cooperable with the respective scales ,120, 2i, and 25 and 26, The indicator B is characterized by an oscillatory rocker shaft or axle2'l. The journals 28 I and 2 at opposite ends are mounted in appropriate bearings. The journal 29 terminates in a threaded extension 30 to accommodate the double-pointer member 3| removably held in place by retaining nuts 32. This pointer is maintained in a normal horizontal plane at right angles to the perpendicular by the pendulous weight or plumb-bob 33 carried by and depending from the central portion of the rocker shaft 21. The shaft 21 is suitably mounted in bearings in the plates i3 and It.

The relatively .small double-ended pointer or indicator .34 at the top is carried on the outer end of an arm 35 operating in the accommodation slot 22. The arm is operatively connected with a rocker shaft 36 mounted in supporting cars 31 on the plate l3. Here again is a counterweight or plumb-bob 33 carried by and depending from the complemental shaft or, axle 36. The longitudinal axis of the rocker shaft 21 is thus at right angles to the axis of the shorter companion shaft 33. Thus. the movement of the weights 33 and 331s correspondingly directed.

The principle of operation will be evident by checking Figures 6 to 11, inclusive. Take, for example, in Figure 6, the indicator B. part 3!,

shows that the left and right wings are level,

but that the plane is climbing. This is determinable from the elevated position of the pointer 34 moving up on the scale 25. The degree of ascension can be approximately determined from the figures in said scale 25. The opposite is true in Figure 7, where we see the indicator 34 disclosing the plane diving or nosing down. This time the indicator is coacting with the scale;

' operation similar to that disclosed in Figure 8,

the plane making a left turn while ascending. The reverse is depicted in Figure 11, where a right tilt is indicated, the indicator 34 swinging down in its slot 22 to disclose downward flight.

It is believed that a multiple-purpose, two-way indicator of the type disclosed is, beyond any doubt, a safety feature desirable for use on the instrument board of an airplane or the like. During storms, fog, and other conditions, when the line of flight is not visible to the eye of the pilot. he can depend with confidence on this double-acting dial and two-way pointer assembly to detect the line of flight above or below the intended horizontal altitude and can simultaneously ascertain the relative flight positions of the left and right wings to avoid steering the plane at a glance conditions of flight. when the pilot v is awarevof ascending or descending, and improper levels of the wings, he can reliably promote safe traveling and thus avoid accidents.

,It is thought that the description taken in connection with the drawings will enable a clear understanding of the invention to be had.

\ Therefore, a more lengthy description is thought In a device of the class described-a dial having a vertical slot therein with graduations on the dial adjacent the slot, a member connected to the rear face of the dial and having a rearwardly extending oifset portion provided with a slot which is in alignment with the first-mentioned slot, a frame including front and rear members spaced apart and means connecting the members together, the front member being connected to the rear face of the offset part and said front and rearmembers having openings in their upper portions, a pair of spaced ears extending forwardly from the upper side walls of the opening in the rear member, a short shaft having its ends journaled in said ears, an arm connected with the shaft and passing through the opening in the front member and through the slots in 'the offset part and in the dial, a transverse. pointer connected to the front end of said arm, a depending arm connected with JOHN MOZONCHAK. 

